Understanding the Types of Hip Replacement Surgeries: Total vs. Partial

Hip replacement surgery is a common procedure that can greatly improve quality of life for those suffering from hip pain, stiffness, or immobility due to arthritis, injury, or other conditions. Dr Ankit Dave, one of the best hip replacement surgeons in Nairobi, says, “When considering hip replacement, it’s important to understand the two main types of surgeries available: total hip replacement and partial hip replacement. Each type has its own benefits, risks, and recovery processes.” In this blog, we will break down the differences between total and partial hip replacements to help you make an informed decision.

What is Hip Replacement Surgery?

Hip replacement surgery involves removing damaged parts of the hip joint and replacing them with artificial components. These artificial parts, called prostheses, are designed to mimic the natural movement of the hip joint, allowing patients to regain mobility and reduce pain.

There are two primary types of hip replacement surgeries: total hip replacement (THR) and partial hip replacement (PHR). The choice between these surgeries depends on the extent of the hip damage, the patient’s overall health, and the surgeon’s recommendation.

Total Hip Replacement (THR)

Total hip replacement is the more common of the two procedures. In this surgery, both the socket of the hip joint and the ball of the hip joint are replaced with artificial components.

Procedure:

During a total hip replacement, the surgeon removes the damaged ball of the hip joint and replaces it with a metal or ceramic ball that is attached to a metal stem, which is inserted into the femur. The damaged cartilage and bone in the socket are replaced with a metal cup. A plastic, ceramic, or metal liner is then inserted into the cup to allow smooth movement of the joint.

Benefits:

– Comprehensive Solution: Total hip replacement addresses damage to both the ball and socket, providing a complete solution for severe arthritis or joint damage.

– Long-Term Relief: THR typically offers long-lasting relief from pain and improved mobility.

• High Success Rate: The procedure has a high success rate and is considered the gold standard for treating advanced hip joint damage.

Considerations:

– Longer Recovery Time: Recovery from THR can take several months, with physical therapy required to regain strength and mobility.

– More Invasive: Because the procedure replaces both parts of the hip joint, it is more invasive than partial hip replacement.

• Risk of Dislocation: There is a slightly higher risk of hip dislocation after surgery, although this risk decreases as the hip heals and muscles strengthen.

Partial Hip Replacement (PHR)

Partial hip replacement, also known as hemiarthroplasty, is typically performed when only one part of the hip joint — the femoral head — is damaged. The best orthopaedic surgeons in Nairobi use this procedure in cases of hip fractures, particularly in elderly patients.

Procedure:

In partial hip replacement, the surgeon removes and replaces only the damaged ball with a metal or ceramic prosthesis. The socket is left intact, as it is not damaged or arthritic.

Benefits:

– Less Invasive: Because only the femoral head is replaced, PHR is less invasive than THR, resulting in a shorter surgery time.

– Quicker Recovery: Patients often experience a faster recovery and shorter hospital stay compared to those undergoing total hip replacement.

• Ideal for Specific Cases: PHR is particularly effective for treating hip fractures in older adults, who may not be suitable candidates for total hip replacement due to health concerns.

Considerations:

– Limited Scope: Partial hip replacement is not suitable for patients with arthritis or significant damage to the acetabulum, as it only addresses the femoral head.

– Potential for Future Surgery: If the acetabulum becomes damaged or arthritic in the future, a total hip replacement may be needed later.

– Longevity of the Prosthesis: The prosthesis used in PHR may not last as long as those used in total hip replacement, particularly in younger, more active patients.

Choosing the Right Surgery

The decision between total and partial hip replacement depends on several factors, including the extent of hip joint damage, the patient’s age and activity level, and the underlying cause of the hip problem. Dr Ankit Dave, one of the best hip replacement surgeons in Nairobi, shares a quick guide to help you make an informed decision:

– Total Hip Replacement: Best suited for patients with severe arthritis, extensive joint damage, or those who need long-term relief from hip pain and improved mobility.

• Partial Hip Replacement: Ideal for older adults with a fractured hip or patients with limited joint damage who need a quicker recovery and less invasive procedure.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Regardless of the type of hip replacement surgery, recovery involves physical therapy, lifestyle adjustments, and regular follow-up visits to ensure the new joint is functioning properly. Total hip replacement typically requires a longer recovery period and more extensive rehabilitation than partial hip replacement.

Patients can usually return to most activities, but high-impact sports or heavy lifting may be restricted, particularly after a total hip replacement. The goal is to achieve pain-free movement and improved quality of life.

Conclusion

Understanding the differences between total and partial hip replacement surgeries is crucial when making a decision about your treatment options. While both surgeries aim to relieve pain and restore mobility, the best choice depends on your specific condition and health goals. Consulting with an experienced orthopaedic surgeon can help you determine the most appropriate option for your needs.